Consequences of the Great War: Treaty of Lausanne, July 24, 1923

The Treaty of Lausanne (French, Traite de Lausanne) was a peace treaty that established the borders of modern Turkey. It was signed in the Swiss city of Lausanne on July 24, 1923 between the governments of Greece, Turkey and the Allied Nations of World War I and is considered part of the partition of the Ottoman Empire.

The Treaty defined the European borders of Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey. It officially ended all Turkish sovereignty over the Dodecanese Islands (Article 15), which were formally occupied by Italy, Cyprus (Article 20), Egypt and Sudan (Article 17), Syria and Iraq (Article 3). Kurdistan territories were divided between several countries, and Armenia was divided between the new Turkish state and the Soviet Union. As far as 1991, after the dissolution of the USSR, the eastern end of Armenia would become an independent country.

Turkish borders with Saudi Arabia and Yemen were controlled by Turkish troops until 23 January 1919, when they were transferred to the UK, and were defined (as lost to the Turks) in article 3.

Turkey also renounced (article 22) in favour of the Kingdom of Italy to its interests in Libya, as previously established in 1912 in Article 10 of the Treaty of Ouchy. However, Turkey partially rescued itself from the violations of the Treaty of Lausanne in 1938, when it acquired the province of Hatay from France, and in 1974, when it occupied the northern third of Cyprus.

It is estimated that approximately 1,650,000 Greeks were displaced from their homes in Anatolia and 670,000 Turks from Greece were moved to Turkey. Excepted to the Greek minority of Istanbul about 125,000 Greeks and Greek inhabitants of the islands of Imbros and Tenedos. Remaining in Greece a total of 110,000 Turks, mainly in Western Thrace. The Republic of Turkey also recognized the British mandate on the island of Cyprus.

Colorized photograph, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, first president of the born Republic of Turkey.

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THE WORLD FAMOUS HISTORY AND PAST EVENTS

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